Causes of the U.S Civil War
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Causes of the U.S Civil War
Introduction
The United States of American historical civil war began in April 1861 with the last battle being on May 1865. During this time Abraham Lincoln was the president, the first republican president. It is believed that the war ended when Robert Lee surrender Ulysses Grant (Calomiris, 2016). While all of the debates have been held to identify exactly what caused the civil war, one cause remains constant, the severe condition between slave states and free states and the conflict between the federal government and state governments. This paper will review how slavery, state rights and the British colonies played a part in causing the civil war
Discussion
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln became the first republican president in the U.S and most slave states were not happy about it for they thought he would interfere with their peace and objects. They thought he would abolish slavery since he believed in liberation. In his first speech, he clarified that he would not interfere with slavery laws since he had pledged to maintain unity and that he had no power to change rules since he was not the law. Like Abraham Lincoln, most states in the northern region believed that slavery was illegal and should be abolished. With a divided country where the north was made of free states and the southern slave states, the administration was troubled. Some southern states felt that they didn’t want to be part of the united states since they felt threatened by the elected president. This is because part of the federal administration the likes of John Brown wanted slavery abolished and even proclaimed that is was an evil act, these abolitionist greatly agitated leaders from the south since they felt they were violating their way of life.
A new country was in the forming that was called the confederates states of America, it constituted slave states, ‘Do you really feel yourselves justified to break the government…’. In pursuit of unifying the country, Lincoln sent troops to stop the secession. In April 1861 united states went the southern to claim the Charleston Bay as their port but the confederate’s army retaliated and fired against them claiming that the port was for the southern states. They also asked the united states to lower their national flag in surrender. That marked the beginning of the war with its escalation in 1862 when battle campaigns in Tennessee, Virginia and Maryland were held (Calomiris, 2016).
Many historians have overlooked the impact foreign countries may have had on the civil war. European countries to be specific like the Great Britain, still wanted a share of the cotton in America since it was one of the leading cotton producers in the world (Adams, 2020). They extensively relied on labour from southern states which constituted of slave states. Adam (2020) claims that though in May 1861 Britain proclaimed neutrality I over the domestic affair of the U.S, most of Britain’s private organization and corporates started to fund confederate navy. This navy was made up of an army that was not for the formation of Union that would merge all the states in forming a country. They also had conflicting opinions when it came to slavery and were mostly focused on protecting states in the southern region. Britain also became the place where confederates formed their embassy and most of their ships and tools of war docked and stored respectively.
Britain was only interested with the Americans for economical reasons and they used the confederate’s navy to ship goods illegally from and to the states that were under the protection of the confederates. In return the confederated were able to wage war since they received funds and other resources that were need during the war. It was until 1863 that Abraham Lincoln issued an emancipation proclamation which freed most slaves from the slave states and preserved the formation o the union that aimed at uniting all states. The proclamation said. ‘that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free’. This meant that confederates had less manpower since most states joined the northern region. Britain enthusiasm in supporting the confederates was lost since they lost over 200,000 slaves whom the country was using for labor (Hall, 2019).
State rights was a conflict that tried to distinguish federal rights and state rights. Just how much power states had was the battle for state rights. Before even the civil war the se had been an emerging issue but was suppressed by the constitution. However, the southern states always felt that the federal government was slowly taking away their powers and rights and synchronizing them with those of the north states which were a bit different mostly touching on slavery.
Dating back in 1776 when America became independent states and were free from the Britain, a need arose for the formation of a federal government. Dew, (2017) notes the agreement that was made was not strong enough to hold all the states together. This forced most states to form their own laws and legislations that would help keep the states together in peace and harmony. However, as many states sought to form foreign treaties it created a greater need to form a consolidated government. In 1789 a constitution was formed uniting all the states and forming the United States of America. One thing was left out where more power was given to the federal states not mentioning limits of the federal government over state governments, this was later amended in the as the tenth amendment. Having done that state laws remained functional despite have federal laws. When Lincoln was made president in 1860, the state laws were challenged by the north states who believed slate state should abolish slavery laws within their states
Conclusion
Though other secession and slavery may have been the cause of the civil war, Britain played a role of adding wood to the fire leading to more harm and escalation of the war. Britain had no other interest over America other than their cotton and slaves. Federal and slave right violation also triggered the reactions that followed the secession and formation of confederates who wanted to form their own country.
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