Global Corporate Finance

With the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the apparition of new states on the world map, correlated with strong economic developments in countries formerly categorized as developing, new corporations from countries like Kazakhstan, Hungary, Vietnam or Poland began to play an important role on the international financial markets. The strong economic growth in their countries of origin and the underlying profitable economic returns that could be obtained pushed companies from developing countries to seek sources of finance outside their own countries in order to finance their businesses and speculate the current profitable economic conditions.

On the other hand, before the globalization phenomenon, their access to foreign and international capital would have been most likely either impossible or extremely difficult. However, globalization, besides encouraging a liberal movement of goods and services, also encouraged the move of capital from country to country and towards businesses that could afford the interest rates and still remain profitable. In the current conjuncture, the favorable economic conditions in the countries of origin are also in line with the access and availability of international capital, either in the form of foreign credits, international bank loans, international bond emissions and, even more and more in the last years, listing on foreign stock exchanges.

While this is certainly spurring the capacity of these companies to develop at this point, risks still remain in terms of their capacity to regulate their cost of capital and to remain not only profitable, but also solvable. Additionally, these companies are more vulnerable to global crisis, especially financial crisis.

Summary

The article starts with interesting statistics on the corporations based in developing countries, on their level of foreign investments and their capacity to raise capital on international markets. As such, in 2006, companies from developing countries have raised $156 billion through international offerings of corporate debt and equity, as well as $245 billion in syndicated bank loans. Further more, capital was raised through direct listings on foreign stock exchanges as well, with 394 developing countries companies being listed on foreign exchanges (World Bank, 2007).

On the other hand, these companies have also been involved in important investments overseas, translating the loans and capital attracted on the international markets. The figures show bids for foreign companies amounting $100 billion in 2006, a figure which sustains the global participation of these companies on the foreign markets, not only as receivers of capital, but also as distributors of capitals and full players in the globalization process.

The access of these companies on the financial markets has not been made immediately, but through a process that involved their adaptation to corporate governance requirements on the international markets. These include complying with issues such as standards for financial accounting and transparency in accounting processes and corporate governance control mechanisms.

Not all companies can afford this and the article draws general characteristics of companies in developing countries that do have access to international financial markets. These are generally large companies, with current high growth, but also high potential in further development. In some countries, they are based on the value of the national resources and they have developed in sectors such as mining or oil exploitation, but in others they are in the banking, trade or infrastructure sectors.

On the other hand, the article also points out towards a current shift in the geographical origin of the players of the international financial markets. While in the 1990s, these generally were players from Latin America or from the countries in East Asia, now corporations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (notably Kazakhstan) are beginning to take the forefront as the most important players. The growth of these corporations is stimulated by the high levels of growth in the countries of origin, by the availability of resources and also by the diversification of the financial markets in order to allow for different crediting and investing instruments for emerging markets in these areas.

Important risks remain, both for the creditors and the investors, especially given the current openness towards risk on the international markets. This, correlated with potential poor governance or poor governmental supervision, could lead to excessive borrowing levels from companies in developing countries and, in the case of an economic recession or of potential bankruptcy threats for these companies, to affecting the financing capacity of such companies in the long-term.

The local governments might be affected as well, because the private corporate financial problems might reflect on the governmental capacity to borrow on international market and to issue bonds at lower interest rates. In this sense, the corporate activity and corporate governance of companies in developing countries is closely related with the governmental macroeconomic measures and the capacity of the local governments to stimulate a credible and sustainable growth, while ensuring that norms are respected.

The conclusions that the article draws are directed towards several coordinates. First of all, the article proposes the idea that the “pace of the globalization of corporations in the development world is likely to intensify” (World Bank, 2007), along with the presence of these companies on international financial markets. Arguments for this rely on the estimation on increased share from developing countries companies into the overall global output that will need sources of financing available on international markets.

On the other hand, the increasing incomes and revenues from exports will also lead to increased borrowing from capital markets. This will increase not only the company’s creditworthiness on international markets, but also the country’s, with higher access on financial markets. Smaller borrowers from developing countries are also likely to appear on the financial market and become important players once the initial expenses are overcome. Finally, internal economic reforms are likely to make way for future borrowing potential. For example, the countries in Eastern Europe have recently joined the European Union and have implemented the EU acquis, which imposes several accounting and business-related regulations. Their internal markets have also become more regulated which has impacted the activity of the local corporations.

The article also recommends that risk management instruments become more wide-spread in the developing countries companies, as a natural consequence of an increasing exposure to risk, due to the presence on international markets. These types of hedging instruments may minimize losses in the case of international financial crisis, as the ones occurring in the late 1990s in East Asia or Russia that affected the development of companies in developing countries.

The effects of those crises have increased risk awareness. Some of the financial indicators show this. For example, the debt to equity ratio in developing countries companies has decreased from 60% in 1997 to 40% in 2005 (World Bank, 2007), coming to show that, despite greater access to international financial markets, the companies are also more prudent in contracting debt.

The article also shows the improvements that the presence of these corporations in the globalization framework can bring about. These include an improvement of corporate governance and imposing the need to bring about more rules and regulations on the internal markets as well, along with the need to have a sustainable macroeconomic policy in all these countries.

Analysis/critical evaluation

The article does an excellent job of presenting the current trend of the impact of globalization on corporations in developing countries and emerging markets, as well as in evaluating the challenges that affect the developing countries corporate finances today and the potential development in the future. The idea that globalization was the most important factor that opened the financial markets to developing countries companies is not new. It explains, on one hand, the increase in revenues and growth of companies in developing countries: they afforded to borrow more on the open international markets than before as they presented credentials in the form of assets.

On the other hand, it became more than that. The access to international financial markets was also an access to the corporate governance rules that governed these markets, along with the necessity to adapt to those rules. The article is keen in pointing this out several times as perhaps the most important advantage that derived from globalization of the financial markets into the developing countries. The capacity to obtain a syndicated bank loan would imply that a number of prestigious international financial entities forming the loan would need to analyze the company’s business and activity and evaluate its capacity to pay its debt. This also meant that transparency and proper corporate governance were encouraged and that these needed to be in line with international requirements. In fact, these become “key constraints to better access market – based sources of funding.” (Mathieson, 2004)

The tendency of companies in developing countries and emerging markets to deleverage after the Asian Crisis was emphasized in other studies as well (IMF, 2005). The article here presented showed a drop in the debt to equities assets from 60% to 40% in 2005. This is in line with a natural tendency to reduce risk after a large global financial crisis, but also to be more aligned to the requirements of the international markets.

It is also interesting to comment on the article’s evaluation of the potential future trends for the companies in developing countries. The article evaluates a closer integration of these companies in the global market. This is something that is potentially bound to happen. Indeed, these companies are already playing a more important role on a regional level by investing in neighbor economies. Recently, a Kazakh corporation purchased a Romanian fuel processing company, which, in turn, had operations in the entire Balkan Peninsula. Mol, from Hungary, was another corporation that had bid on the deal. This is all possible not because of the financial assets that these companies possess at a certain point, but because they are able to access capital on the international markets in order to grow their businesses.

However, the future is also likely to bring about a more rational approach to risk and risk management. At this point, companies in developing countries are still not fully using risk management instruments to hedge their risks. With all risks, ranging from credit to market and operational risk, potentially affecting the companies’ businesses, risk management instruments become a necessity.

Finally, the future access of the companies in developing countries to international markets is also likely to go hand in hand with the macroeconomic reforms in their countries of origin. In my opinion, it is interesting to point out that, in many ways, the internal corporate finance reforms that these companies had to make, have also produced and generated change at the macroeconomic level. Indeed, financial requirements that corporations needed to adapt to reflected in the macroeconomic reforms and structural reforms that these countries had to make.

Conclusions

Corporations in the developing countries have started to become important participants in the global circuits. While initially this may have included global trade and outsourcing services, more and more these companies gain access to international financial markets, are able to increase their capital, develop their business and, in turn, invest overseas.

Globalization’s impact in corporate finance in developing countries has thus been enormous, guiding the corporations into the adoptions of new financial and accounting standards, in the increase of their transparency and corporate governance standards, as well as in adopting risk management instruments in order to hedge their commitments on the financial markets. Further more, they are decreasing their financial leverage so as to decrease their debt to equity ratios and develop a more prudent approach. The future participation of corporations in developing countries on international financial markets will most likely increase in trend, as well as in approach.

Bibliography

1. World Bank. 2007. The Globalization of Corporate Finance in Developing Countries. Global Development Finance 2007.

2. International Monetary Fund. 2007. Global Financial Stability Report.

3. Mathieson, Donald J., Jorge E. Roldos, Ramana Ramaswamy, and Anna Ilyina, 2004, Emerging Local Securities and Derivatives Markets, World Economic and Financial Surveys (Washington: International Monetary Fund).

4. King, Robert G., and Ross Levine, 1993, “Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 717-37

---

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• Get superb grades consistently

 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

• When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
• We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

• The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
• We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
• Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

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Global Corporate Finance

With the breakdown of the Soviet Union and the apparition of new states on the world map, correlated with strong economic developments in countries formerly categorized as developing, new corporations from countries like Kazakhstan, Hungary, Vietnam or Poland began to play an important role on the international financial markets. The strong economic growth in their countries of origin and the underlying profitable economic returns that could be obtained pushed companies from developing countries to seek sources of finance outside their own countries in order to finance their businesses and speculate the current profitable economic conditions.

On the other hand, before the globalization phenomenon, their access to foreign and international capital would have been most likely either impossible or extremely difficult. However, globalization, besides encouraging a liberal movement of goods and services, also encouraged the move of capital from country to country and towards businesses that could afford the interest rates and still remain profitable. In the current conjuncture, the favorable economic conditions in the countries of origin are also in line with the access and availability of international capital, either in the form of foreign credits, international bank loans, international bond emissions and, even more and more in the last years, listing on foreign stock exchanges.

While this is certainly spurring the capacity of these companies to develop at this point, risks still remain in terms of their capacity to regulate their cost of capital and to remain not only profitable, but also solvable. Additionally, these companies are more vulnerable to global crisis, especially financial crisis.

Summary

The article starts with interesting statistics on the corporations based in developing countries, on their level of foreign investments and their capacity to raise capital on international markets. As such, in 2006, companies from developing countries have raised $156 billion through international offerings of corporate debt and equity, as well as $245 billion in syndicated bank loans. Further more, capital was raised through direct listings on foreign stock exchanges as well, with 394 developing countries companies being listed on foreign exchanges (World Bank, 2007).

On the other hand, these companies have also been involved in important investments overseas, translating the loans and capital attracted on the international markets. The figures show bids for foreign companies amounting $100 billion in 2006, a figure which sustains the global participation of these companies on the foreign markets, not only as receivers of capital, but also as distributors of capitals and full players in the globalization process.

The access of these companies on the financial markets has not been made immediately, but through a process that involved their adaptation to corporate governance requirements on the international markets. These include complying with issues such as standards for financial accounting and transparency in accounting processes and corporate governance control mechanisms.

Not all companies can afford this and the article draws general characteristics of companies in developing countries that do have access to international financial markets. These are generally large companies, with current high growth, but also high potential in further development. In some countries, they are based on the value of the national resources and they have developed in sectors such as mining or oil exploitation, but in others they are in the banking, trade or infrastructure sectors.

On the other hand, the article also points out towards a current shift in the geographical origin of the players of the international financial markets. While in the 1990s, these generally were players from Latin America or from the countries in East Asia, now corporations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (notably Kazakhstan) are beginning to take the forefront as the most important players. The growth of these corporations is stimulated by the high levels of growth in the countries of origin, by the availability of resources and also by the diversification of the financial markets in order to allow for different crediting and investing instruments for emerging markets in these areas.

Important risks remain, both for the creditors and the investors, especially given the current openness towards risk on the international markets. This, correlated with potential poor governance or poor governmental supervision, could lead to excessive borrowing levels from companies in developing countries and, in the case of an economic recession or of potential bankruptcy threats for these companies, to affecting the financing capacity of such companies in the long-term.

The local governments might be affected as well, because the private corporate financial problems might reflect on the governmental capacity to borrow on international market and to issue bonds at lower interest rates. In this sense, the corporate activity and corporate governance of companies in developing countries is closely related with the governmental macroeconomic measures and the capacity of the local governments to stimulate a credible and sustainable growth, while ensuring that norms are respected.

The conclusions that the article draws are directed towards several coordinates. First of all, the article proposes the idea that the “pace of the globalization of corporations in the development world is likely to intensify” (World Bank, 2007), along with the presence of these companies on international financial markets. Arguments for this rely on the estimation on increased share from developing countries companies into the overall global output that will need sources of financing available on international markets.

On the other hand, the increasing incomes and revenues from exports will also lead to increased borrowing from capital markets. This will increase not only the company’s creditworthiness on international markets, but also the country’s, with higher access on financial markets. Smaller borrowers from developing countries are also likely to appear on the financial market and become important players once the initial expenses are overcome. Finally, internal economic reforms are likely to make way for future borrowing potential. For example, the countries in Eastern Europe have recently joined the European Union and have implemented the EU acquis, which imposes several accounting and business-related regulations. Their internal markets have also become more regulated which has impacted the activity of the local corporations.

The article also recommends that risk management instruments become more wide-spread in the developing countries companies, as a natural consequence of an increasing exposure to risk, due to the presence on international markets. These types of hedging instruments may minimize losses in the case of international financial crisis, as the ones occurring in the late 1990s in East Asia or Russia that affected the development of companies in developing countries.

The effects of those crises have increased risk awareness. Some of the financial indicators show this. For example, the debt to equity ratio in developing countries companies has decreased from 60% in 1997 to 40% in 2005 (World Bank, 2007), coming to show that, despite greater access to international financial markets, the companies are also more prudent in contracting debt.

The article also shows the improvements that the presence of these corporations in the globalization framework can bring about. These include an improvement of corporate governance and imposing the need to bring about more rules and regulations on the internal markets as well, along with the need to have a sustainable macroeconomic policy in all these countries.

Analysis/critical evaluation

The article does an excellent job of presenting the current trend of the impact of globalization on corporations in developing countries and emerging markets, as well as in evaluating the challenges that affect the developing countries corporate finances today and the potential development in the future. The idea that globalization was the most important factor that opened the financial markets to developing countries companies is not new. It explains, on one hand, the increase in revenues and growth of companies in developing countries: they afforded to borrow more on the open international markets than before as they presented credentials in the form of assets.

On the other hand, it became more than that. The access to international financial markets was also an access to the corporate governance rules that governed these markets, along with the necessity to adapt to those rules. The article is keen in pointing this out several times as perhaps the most important advantage that derived from globalization of the financial markets into the developing countries. The capacity to obtain a syndicated bank loan would imply that a number of prestigious international financial entities forming the loan would need to analyze the company’s business and activity and evaluate its capacity to pay its debt. This also meant that transparency and proper corporate governance were encouraged and that these needed to be in line with international requirements. In fact, these become “key constraints to better access market – based sources of funding.” (Mathieson, 2004)

The tendency of companies in developing countries and emerging markets to deleverage after the Asian Crisis was emphasized in other studies as well (IMF, 2005). The article here presented showed a drop in the debt to equities assets from 60% to 40% in 2005. This is in line with a natural tendency to reduce risk after a large global financial crisis, but also to be more aligned to the requirements of the international markets.

It is also interesting to comment on the article’s evaluation of the potential future trends for the companies in developing countries. The article evaluates a closer integration of these companies in the global market. This is something that is potentially bound to happen. Indeed, these companies are already playing a more important role on a regional level by investing in neighbor economies. Recently, a Kazakh corporation purchased a Romanian fuel processing company, which, in turn, had operations in the entire Balkan Peninsula. Mol, from Hungary, was another corporation that had bid on the deal. This is all possible not because of the financial assets that these companies possess at a certain point, but because they are able to access capital on the international markets in order to grow their businesses.

However, the future is also likely to bring about a more rational approach to risk and risk management. At this point, companies in developing countries are still not fully using risk management instruments to hedge their risks. With all risks, ranging from credit to market and operational risk, potentially affecting the companies’ businesses, risk management instruments become a necessity.

Finally, the future access of the companies in developing countries to international markets is also likely to go hand in hand with the macroeconomic reforms in their countries of origin. In my opinion, it is interesting to point out that, in many ways, the internal corporate finance reforms that these companies had to make, have also produced and generated change at the macroeconomic level. Indeed, financial requirements that corporations needed to adapt to reflected in the macroeconomic reforms and structural reforms that these countries had to make.

Conclusions

Corporations in the developing countries have started to become important participants in the global circuits. While initially this may have included global trade and outsourcing services, more and more these companies gain access to international financial markets, are able to increase their capital, develop their business and, in turn, invest overseas.

Globalization’s impact in corporate finance in developing countries has thus been enormous, guiding the corporations into the adoptions of new financial and accounting standards, in the increase of their transparency and corporate governance standards, as well as in adopting risk management instruments in order to hedge their commitments on the financial markets. Further more, they are decreasing their financial leverage so as to decrease their debt to equity ratios and develop a more prudent approach. The future participation of corporations in developing countries on international financial markets will most likely increase in trend, as well as in approach.

Bibliography

1. World Bank. 2007. The Globalization of Corporate Finance in Developing Countries. Global Development Finance 2007.

2. International Monetary Fund. 2007. Global Financial Stability Report.

3. Mathieson, Donald J., Jorge E. Roldos, Ramana Ramaswamy, and Anna Ilyina, 2004, Emerging Local Securities and Derivatives Markets, World Economic and Financial Surveys (Washington: International Monetary Fund).

4. King, Robert G., and Ross Levine, 1993, “Finance and Growth: Schumpeter Might Be Right,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3, pp. 717-37

---

Get Professional Assignment Help Cheaply

Are you busy and do not have time to handle your assignment? Are you scared that your paper will not make the grade? Do you have responsibilities that may hinder you from turning in your assignment on time? Are you tired and can barely handle your assignment? Are your grades inconsistent?

Whichever your reason is, it is valid! You can get professional academic help from our service at affordable rates. We have a team of professional academic writers who can handle all your assignments.

Why Choose Our Academic Writing Service?

• Plagiarism free papers
• Timely delivery
• Any deadline
• Skilled, Experienced Native English Writers
• Subject-relevant academic writer
• Adherence to paper instructions
• Ability to tackle bulk assignments
• Reasonable prices
• 24/7 Customer Support
• Get superb grades consistently

 

Online Academic Help With Different Subjects

Literature

Students barely have time to read. We got you! Have your literature essay or book review written without having the hassle of reading the book. You can get your literature paper custom-written for you by our literature specialists.

Finance

Do you struggle with finance? No need to torture yourself if finance is not your cup of tea. You can order your finance paper from our academic writing service and get 100% original work from competent finance experts.

Computer science

Computer science is a tough subject. Fortunately, our computer science experts are up to the match. No need to stress and have sleepless nights. Our academic writers will tackle all your computer science assignments and deliver them on time. Let us handle all your python, java, ruby, JavaScript, php , C+ assignments!

Psychology

While psychology may be an interesting subject, you may lack sufficient time to handle your assignments. Don’t despair; by using our academic writing service, you can be assured of perfect grades. Moreover, your grades will be consistent.

Engineering

Engineering is quite a demanding subject. Students face a lot of pressure and barely have enough time to do what they love to do. Our academic writing service got you covered! Our engineering specialists follow the paper instructions and ensure timely delivery of the paper.

Nursing

In the nursing course, you may have difficulties with literature reviews, annotated bibliographies, critical essays, and other assignments. Our nursing assignment writers will offer you professional nursing paper help at low prices.

Sociology

Truth be told, sociology papers can be quite exhausting. Our academic writing service relieves you of fatigue, pressure, and stress. You can relax and have peace of mind as our academic writers handle your sociology assignment.

Business

We take pride in having some of the best business writers in the industry. Our business writers have a lot of experience in the field. They are reliable, and you can be assured of a high-grade paper. They are able to handle business papers of any subject, length, deadline, and difficulty!

Statistics

We boast of having some of the most experienced statistics experts in the industry. Our statistics experts have diverse skills, expertise, and knowledge to handle any kind of assignment. They have access to all kinds of software to get your assignment done.

Law

Writing a law essay may prove to be an insurmountable obstacle, especially when you need to know the peculiarities of the legislative framework. Take advantage of our top-notch law specialists and get superb grades and 100% satisfaction.

What discipline/subjects do you deal in?

We have highlighted some of the most popular subjects we handle above. Those are just a tip of the iceberg. We deal in all academic disciplines since our writers are as diverse. They have been drawn from across all disciplines, and orders are assigned to those writers believed to be the best in the field. In a nutshell, there is no task we cannot handle; all you need to do is place your order with us. As long as your instructions are clear, just trust we shall deliver irrespective of the discipline.

Are your writers competent enough to handle my paper?

Our essay writers are graduates with bachelor's, masters, Ph.D., and doctorate degrees in various subjects. The minimum requirement to be an essay writer with our essay writing service is to have a college degree. All our academic writers have a minimum of two years of academic writing. We have a stringent recruitment process to ensure that we get only the most competent essay writers in the industry. We also ensure that the writers are handsomely compensated for their value. The majority of our writers are native English speakers. As such, the fluency of language and grammar is impeccable.

What if I don’t like the paper?

There is a very low likelihood that you won’t like the paper.

Reasons being:

• When assigning your order, we match the paper’s discipline with the writer’s field/specialization. Since all our writers are graduates, we match the paper’s subject with the field the writer studied. For instance, if it’s a nursing paper, only a nursing graduate and writer will handle it. Furthermore, all our writers have academic writing experience and top-notch research skills.
• We have a quality assurance that reviews the paper before it gets to you. As such, we ensure that you get a paper that meets the required standard and will most definitely make the grade.

In the event that you don’t like your paper:

• The writer will revise the paper up to your pleasing. You have unlimited revisions. You simply need to highlight what specifically you don’t like about the paper, and the writer will make the amendments. The paper will be revised until you are satisfied. Revisions are free of charge
• We will have a different writer write the paper from scratch.
• Last resort, if the above does not work, we will refund your money.

Will the professor find out I didn’t write the paper myself?

Not at all. All papers are written from scratch. There is no way your tutor or instructor will realize that you did not write the paper yourself. In fact, we recommend using our assignment help services for consistent results.

What if the paper is plagiarized?

We check all papers for plagiarism before we submit them. We use powerful plagiarism checking software such as SafeAssign, LopesWrite, and Turnitin. We also upload the plagiarism report so that you can review it. We understand that plagiarism is academic suicide. We would not take the risk of submitting plagiarized work and jeopardize your academic journey. Furthermore, we do not sell or use prewritten papers, and each paper is written from scratch.

When will I get my paper?

You determine when you get the paper by setting the deadline when placing the order. All papers are delivered within the deadline. We are well aware that we operate in a time-sensitive industry. As such, we have laid out strategies to ensure that the client receives the paper on time and they never miss the deadline. We understand that papers that are submitted late have some points deducted. We do not want you to miss any points due to late submission. We work on beating deadlines by huge margins in order to ensure that you have ample time to review the paper before you submit it.

Will anyone find out that I used your services?

We have a privacy and confidentiality policy that guides our work. We NEVER share any customer information with third parties. Noone will ever know that you used our assignment help services. It’s only between you and us. We are bound by our policies to protect the customer’s identity and information. All your information, such as your names, phone number, email, order information, and so on, are protected. We have robust security systems that ensure that your data is protected. Hacking our systems is close to impossible, and it has never happened.

How our Assignment  Help Service Works

1.      Place an order

You fill all the paper instructions in the order form. Make sure you include all the helpful materials so that our academic writers can deliver the perfect paper. It will also help to eliminate unnecessary revisions.

2.      Pay for the order

Proceed to pay for the paper so that it can be assigned to one of our expert academic writers. The paper subject is matched with the writer’s area of specialization.

3.      Track the progress

You communicate with the writer and know about the progress of the paper. The client can ask the writer for drafts of the paper. The client can upload extra material and include additional instructions from the lecturer. Receive a paper.

4.      Download the paper

The paper is sent to your email and uploaded to your personal account. You also get a plagiarism report attached to your paper.

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!

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