QC & QA for finishing works during Construction Project at Developing Countries
Introduction
Quality analysis and quality assurance are the measures taken by an organization to demonstrate the accuracy of the product; how close the product is to the desired outcome and also to demonstrate precision; how reproducible the products are. Quality assurance and quality analysis generally refer to a broad plan for the maintenance of the quality of a product in all aspects. The plans involved in quality analysis and quality assurance describes how the monitoring process will take place. The processes involved in the monitoring process are volunteers training, proper documentation of all the available procedures, studying of the designs, data analysis and management, and specific quality control measures.
It is always very simple to understand quality assurance and quality analysis by example. Quality assurance and analysis often help project managers with the planning of their projects so as to make the project follow some of the organization’s procedures. Well, planned quality assurance and quality analysis should include, needed artifacts, milestones and events. During the quality assurance and quality assurance process, the management should know what is required of them and when the process is required of them in terms of reviews, reports and documentation. During the process, the team involved will conduct the necessary checkpoints to see where the product may be developing risks. Examples of risks that may be assessed are, whether the product is progressing or not and whether the product will be accepted by the customers or not (MacDonald, 13).
The growth and development of quality assurance and quality analysis in the Globe have enhanced the product quality around the World. The advancement of quality assurance and quality analysis has supported the reduction of poorly produced products in the world. This advancement in technology in quality assurance and quality analysis has emerged with new markets, products, services and very flexible channels for producing industries. The fact that the customers demand high-quality products and services all the times and wherever they need their services the production industries must meet this demand by improving the quality and quality analysis techniques.
Background of the Study
The introduction of the quality assurance and quality analysis in the organization can improve the performance and customer satisfaction through the use of computer-aided design and computer integrated manufacturing. This will help the management in the battle of competitive advantage because it can increase the speed in which quality techniques are achieved and also the speed in which the employees serve the customers. This will increase the efficiency in data processing during the quality analysis and quality assurance processes and availability of information to employees which helps to increase the service of the customers.
The availability of quality assurance and quality analysis in the organization also reduces the cost of quality processes which is used by the employees in the organization on the way to handle customers. It can be used to commit the customers into the investment and reduce their likelihood of changing their suppliers. This ensures that current customers are retained and new ones are wooed. It is done through the use of quality and fast service to customers by utilization of quality techniques such as quality assurance, quality management, and quality analysis and quality performance. The use of internet in the organization has become an important instrument for coordination of quality activities by global companies and such companies have set up internal websites to keep employees informed about company development (Spekknink, 102).
Problem Statement
Many studies have been done to identify the effect of improper product quality in the organization such as employee training, total quality management, team working, and competition, innovation, and employee rewards. But by quality assurance and quality analysis of organization to employee performance, they fail to acknowledge the vital roles played by the management in the performance and customer service and this greatly affects the performance of management. To overcome the constraints, this paper focuses on providing a clear analysis of the various dimensions of which the quality assurance and analysis improves customer satisfaction and utilizes both secondary and primary sources to provide an analysis of how they relate to employee performance and management performance.
The appropriate statistical methods include primary sources and scholarly articles on the topic (Peter, 46). The organization dimensions of quality assurance and analysis support its business strategy and greatly influence employees’ job satisfaction, employee performance, customer satisfaction, management performance, and its overall performance.
Research Objectives
The study was to help the learners know:
- The impact of quality assurance and quality analysis of the products, employees and customers satisfaction.
- To determine the level of satisfaction of the customers and workers after the establishment of proper quality assurance and quality analysis
- To ascertain the attitude of customers and other organizational stakeholders after the implementation of the quality assurance and quality analysis
Research Questions
Managers of organizations are to adopt appropriate quality assurance and quality analysis techniques to help them improve on the way they handle their customers in the organization and, as a result, the organization can either perform well or poorly. To determine how the introduction of quality assurance and quality analysis techniques in the organization affects the way the organization improves its customer service to increase management performance; the following questions must be answered:
- Who is affected by the product quality
- Why should the organization ensure that they produce quality products?
- How is the organization going to improve the quality of the products and services?
- How can the organization provide quality products and services?
Significant of the Study
Many organizations always perceive that effective organization must have well-developed quality techniques to improve its customer service and this has a great effect on the management performance. They, therefore, try to inculcate this in their operations. To prove the perception, there is need to research on the effects of product quality to the organization to enhance the customer service. Managers and leaders will use the findings to incorporate effective and efficient information system in their organizations to not only maximize employee and organization performance but also improve customer’s service by improving the way they relate to their customers and also how they produce high-quality products.
Scope of the Study
This research is limited to identifying the dimensions of the use of quality assurance and quality analysis to improve the customer service, the importance of quality products and services to customers and the how the quality assurance and quality analysis helps to enrich the services of the employee to customers.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control
Due to the level of escalated risks involved in construction and engineering projects, one has to ensure that quality assurance and control are strictly complied to. In case a construction project is compromised by external elements it raises the risk of its delayed completion thus having an impact on the general performance of the construction. It is important to note that one has to design an internal quality assurance system so as to ensure the final product relayed to the consumer is of quality. A number of constructors and engineers have benefited from the adoption and implementation of a quality assurance system.
The adoption of the aforementioned system creates uniformity in the services rendered by the engineer or constructor. An effective quality assurance system plays a vital role in a contractor’s project. The adoption of the aforementioned system ensures that there are no hiccups in a construction project. The ISO 9000 standard falls within the realms of an effective quality assurance system in the field of engineering and construction. The ISO 9000 standard has been adopted by various countries globally. The quality assurance system adopted encompasses both external and internal elements (Chung, 88).
With regard to the internal aspect of the quality assurance, it focuses on activities which are geared towards refining the poise of the construction organization thus achieving the quality envisioned. The internal quality system being referred to above is coined as the quality management system. A construction company’s profits and product quality may be improved if it efficaciously implements the quality management system. Alternatively, the external management system places its focal point on the client. The quality management system enhances the assurance of the client on the contractor’s quality system.
The external aspect of the quality system in this context is referred to as the system of quality assurance. The aforementioned program can prove to be successful only if the topmost executive in the firm assumes all the accountability of construing and executing the project. The successful implementation of the quality assurance system by a contractor ensures that his/her customers have heightened confidence in the contractor’s service delivery. A good example would be the successful adoption and implementation of the internal and external aspects of the quality assurance system in Saudi Arabia which has led to the eventual growth in the construction and engineering sector.
The ISO 9000 standard is designed to establish a universal principal quality assurance and control system which is pertinent to various economic and industrial sectors. The aforementioned standard system demonstrates the contractor’s commitment to adhere to his/her client’s quality requests. The underpinning of the ISO 9000 standard system is the American National Standards Institute. However, the adoption and implementation of the ISO 9000 standard in the engineering and construction plane are not as universal as in the manufacturing sector.
The varying understandings made of the ISO 9000 standard is attributed to its generic nature. Furthermore, the actual interpretation and implementation of the ISO 9000 standards may be distinct from one nation to the next. The rationale behind the implementation of the ISO 9000 standards is multifold. First and foremost the quality system acts to scale to higher heights the quality of operations of a construction or engineering company. Secondly, it works to ensure that the client’s desires are met through the product. Finally, the ISO 9000 standard ensures that the competition within the construction industry is healthy. Therefore the overall perception of the ISO 9000 standards varies from one company to another based on the aforementioned rationale.
The Research Methodology
The methodology of this doctoral study will comprise empirical research. Empirical research is considered to be a means of acquiring knowledge and information through either direct or indirect experience. Empirical evidence can be represented and analyzed either qualitatively or quantitatively. The representation of evidence through qualitative or quantitative form, a researcher gets to answer the empirical questions, which should be depicted in a clear manner and be answerable by the evidence collected by the researcher. The design of the research being conducted varies by field and the problem question being investigated. Most researchers choose to combine both forms of analysis namely qualitative and quantitative so as to get to improve the mode of answering questions which cannot be studied in other settings.
A researcher conducting the research needs to develop a theory regarding the question being investigated. The second step is that the researcher will propose a hypothesis from the theory of the investigated question. Thirdly, some predictions are made in relation to the hypothesis and which can be tested using experiments developed by the researcher. The empirical research has a cycle that guides one on the steps to follow to come up with valid results. The cycle starts with, observation, then induction, deduction, testing and finally the evaluation (Hughes, 15).
The first part of the research is observation, at this stage; the researcher collects and organizes the information that will be used to come up with a hypothesis. The second stage of the empirical cycle is induction, at this stage, the researcher tries to formulate hypothesis according to the data they had collected. The next step of the cycle is the deduction stage. Here the researcher deducts the possible consequences of the hypothesis made. The deductions are done using testable predictions. The fourth stage of the empirical cycle is the testing stage.
At this stage, the hypothesis is tested using new empirical material. The final stage of the empirical research is the evaluation stage; here the researcher evaluates the results of the research (outcome). Using the empirical research method will benefit to help and support in refining and validating the Quality Control and Assurance objectives and deliverables in the form of procedures, acceptance criteria, and lesson learned databases through real-time case studies of the projects executed successfully in terms of time, cost and scope (Tang, 11).
Literature Review
Various studies conducted by different scholars support the assertion that quality assurance and control plays a vital role in the construction and engineering sector. Abdulaziz A. Bubshait and Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq conclude that the rationale behind the execution of quality assurance systems is to improve on construction projects quality thus nourishing the client’s desires (Abdulaziz A. Bubshait & Tawfiq H. Al-Atiq, 1999). Analogous results were portrayed in research conducted by Sarosh H. Lodi, Syed M. Ahmed, Rizwan U. Farooqui and Muhammad Saqib (2008). The authors revealed in their scholarly work that quality assurance and control assumes a vital role in the projects of contractors.
They expounded that the failure of a contractor to comply with the quality assurance systems compromises his/her construction or engineering operations. Lack of compliance jeopardizes constructors or engineers project thus incurring losses or personal injuries. The authors conclude by stating that virtuous project managers interpret and execute the quality standard systems in the operations of the construction or engineering projects.
Conclusion
The adoption and implementation of quality control and assurance in the construction sector act for the benefit of the client. The quality assurance system ensures that the client’s investment in the construction project is safeguarded from various forms of risk. Furthermore, the positive implementation of the quality assurance system equips the client with poise on the contractor’s ability to satisfy his/her desires.
Works Cited
Chung, H W. Understanding Quality Assurance in Construction: A Practical Guide to Iso 9000 for Contractors. London: E & FN Spon, 2002. Print.
Hughes, Charles S. State Construction Quality Assurance Programs. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2005. Print.
Macdonald, John. 1993, “Understanding Total Quality Management in a Week”: England, p. 6 – 13.
Peter, H. 2006, “Quality Management in the Construction Industry”, Center for Quality and Productivity Improvement (CQPI) University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison: the USA, 2006, p. 1
Spekknink, D. 1995 “Building Research and Information”, Architect’s and consultant’s quality management system, volume 23 number 2, p. 79-105.
Tang, S L. Construction Quality Management. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2005. Print.
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